Which factors primarily affect bullet drop?

• A. Elevation and humidity only
• B. Gravity, distance, velocity, and atmospheric conditions
• C. Wind direction only
• D. Temperature and shooter skill

Answer: (B)

Bullet drop is primarily influenced by several critical factors that interact to affect the trajectory of a bullet as it travels through the air and is subjected to the force of gravity. Among these, gravity plays a fundamental role, as it constantly pulls the bullet downward. The distance the bullet travels before hitting the target will also impact the amount of drop experienced; the farther the target, the more pronounced the drop due to gravity over an extended distance.

Velocity is another key factor. Bullets that exit the barrel at higher velocities will travel flatter and, consequently, drop less over a given distance compared to slower-moving rounds. Atmospheric conditions, including humidity, temperature, and air pressure, can also significantly affect bullet performance. For example, in denser air (which can happen at lower temperatures or higher pressures), a bullet will experience more drag, which can alter its velocity and trajectory.

This multifaceted interaction of gravity, distance, velocity, and atmospheric conditions encapsulates the complexities involved in bullet drop, making option B the correct choice. Understanding these factors is crucial for snipers when calculating long-range shots to improve accuracy and effectiveness in various shooting scenarios.