What does "external ballistics" encompass?

• A. The study of ammunition types
• B. The behavior of a projectile in flight
• C. The internal mechanics of firearms
• D. The effects of wind on a sniper's position

Answer: (B)

The study of "external ballistics" primarily focuses on the behavior of a projectile in flight after it has exited the firearm's muzzle. This includes various factors that influence the trajectory of a bullet, such as its velocity, trajectory, air resistance, drag, and the effects of gravity as the bullet travels toward its target. Understanding these principles is essential for snipers, as it allows them to make precise adjustments for distance, wind, and other environmental factors to ensure accuracy.

This knowledge is vital for determining how external conditions will influence a shot. A sniper must be able to predict how far a bullet will travel and in what manner it may be affected by atmospheric conditions, including how altitude and temperature can affect the bullet's path. Having a firm grasp of these concepts enables effective corrections and enhanced marksmanship during field operations.